4) Secondary animation

The only difference in these two clips is the motion of the back of his shirt. I'm sure there are animators out there who can do stuff like this right off the bat. I can't. I watched the animation over and over, and tried to see what about the shirt didn't look right, and what about the pants didn't look right. And then I redrew them so that they flap around a little better. In general, I think you want shirts, pants, dangly straps, long hair, or anything like that to basically follow the motion of the body, but just a little bit later. This is supposed to run at 12 frames per second, so I just offset the motion of the pants and shirt by about 1 frame. The basic idea is that the pants and shirt aren't glued to the legs or the torso. When the guy stomps his foot down, the pants don't really know right away; they are sort of driven later in the same direction indirectly. And when the foot finally hits the ground, the pants don't "know" it until they've caught up a little bit later.

5) Final anim/Motion arcs